Concrete is a construction material composed of cement In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term "opus caementicium" to describe masonry which resembled concrete and was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder (commonly Portland cement Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world, because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco and most non-specialty grout. It is a fine powder produced by grinding Portland cement clinker (more than 90%), a limited amount of calcium sulfate which controls the set time, and up to 5% minor) as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash Fly ash is one of the residues generated in the combustion of coal. Fly ash is generally captured from the chimneys of coal-fired power plants, and is one of two types of ash that jointly are known as coal ash; the other, bottom ash, is removed from the bottom of coal furnaces. Depending upon the source and makeup of the coal being burned, the and slag cement Ground granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder, aggregate Construction aggregate, or simply "aggregate", is a broad category of coarse particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement (generally a coarse aggregate such as gravel Gravel is rock that is of a specific particle size range. Specifically, it is any loose rock that is larger than two millimeters in its smallest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 64 mm (2.5 in). The next smaller size class in geology is sand, which is >0.0625 to 2 mm (0.0025 to 0.0787 in) in size. The next larger size is cobble,, limestone Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geologic record. Calcium (along with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) is a key mineral to plant nutrition: soils overlying limestone bedrock tend to be pre-fertilized, or granite Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granites usually have a medium to coarse grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals (phenocrysts) are larger than the groundmass in which case the texture is known as porphyritic. A granitic rock with a porphyritic texture is sometimes known as a porphyry, plus a fine aggregate such as sand Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles), water Water is the most abundant molecule on Earth's surface, constituting about 70% of the planet's surface. In nature it exists in liquid, solid, and gaseous states. It is in dynamic equilibrium between the liquid and gas states at standard temperature and pressure. At room temperature, it is a nearly colorless with a hint of blue, tasteless, and, and chemical Chemistry (from Arabic:الكيم Latinized: chem , meaning "earth") is the science concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions. It is a physical science for studies of various atoms, molecules, crystals and other aggregates of matter whether admixtures. The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus" (meaning compact or condensed), the past participle of "concresco", from "com-" (together) and "cresco" (to grow).
Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water and placement due to a chemical process A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. They are studied by chemists under a field of science called chemistry. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, often coming about only after the input of some type of energy, viz known as hydration Mineral hydration is an inorganic chemical reaction where water adds to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, usually called a hydrate. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements A sidewalk , pavement (British English, South African English and Philadelphia dialect), footpath (Australian English, Irish English, Indian English, Pakistani English and New Zealand English), platform (chiefly Indian English) or footway (Engineering term) is a path for pedestrians that is situated alongside a road or a paved pathway (such as a, pipe, architectural structures The structure may be permanent. Typical examples include buildings and nonbuilding structures such as bridges, dams, electricity pylons, and radio masts, foundations A foundation is a structure that transfers loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations, motorways Motorways are identical to freeways as a road type, and comparable to the United States's Interstate Highways as a classification/roads A road is an identifiable route, way or path between places. Roads are typically smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel; though they need not be, and historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without any formal construction or maintenance, bridges A bridge is a structure built to span a valley, road, body of water, or other physical obstacle, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge and the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed/overpasses An overpass is a bridge, road, railway or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway. An overpass structure is one that carries a higher capacity road above a lower capacity road, whereas a structure that permits a lower capacity road to travel above a larger capacity road is an underpass.[citation needed] Capacity is determined, parking Parking is the act of stopping a vehicle and leaving it unoccupied for more than a brief time. Parking on one or both sides of a road is commonly permitted, though often with restrictions. Parking facilities are constructed in combination with most buildings, to facilitate the coming and going of the buildings' users structures, brick A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using mortar/block In the United States, a concrete masonry unit — also called concrete block, cement block or foundation block — is a large rectangular brick used in construction. Concrete blocks are made from cast concrete, i.e. Portland cement and aggregate, usually sand and fine gravel for high-density blocks. Lower density blocks may use industrial wastes walls and footings A foundation is a structure that transfers loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations for gates, fences A fence is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary. It is generally distinguished from a wall by the lightness of its construction: a wall is usually restricted to such barriers made from solid brick or concrete, blocking vision as well as passage and poles A utility pole, alternately referred to as a telephone pole, power pole, telegraph pole or telegraph post , is a (usually wooden) pole used to support overhead wire, cable, fiber optic cable, and related equipment such as transformers and street lights. A single pole is often used to support both electric power distribution lines and.
Concrete is used more than any other man-made material in the world.[1] As of 2006, about 7.5 cubic kilometres of concrete are made each year—more than one cubic metre for every person on Earth.[2] Concrete powers a US $ The United States dollar is the unit of currency of the United States. The U.S. dollar is normally abbreviated as the dollar sign, $, or as USD or US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies and from others that use the $ symbol. It is divided into 100 cents (200 half-cents prior to 1857)35-billion industry which employs more than two million workers in the United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the alone.[citation needed] More than 55,000 miles (89,000 km) of highways Highway is an alternative term for a public road. In English, British, and American law, the word "highway" can denote any public way used for travel, whether major highway, freeway, street, lane, alley, pathway, dirt track, footpaths, and trails, and navigable waterways in the United States are paved with this material. Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete, also called Reinforced cement concrete , is concrete in which steel reinforcement bars ("rebars"), plates or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the material that would otherwise be brittle and prestressed concrete Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming the concrete's natural weakness in tension. It can be used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete. Prestressing tendons are used to provide a clamping load which produces a compressive stress that offsets the tensile stress that the are the most widely used modern kinds of concrete functional extensions.
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Brady Carlson
Sun, 17 Jan 2010 20:26:02 GM
Now obviously, theory and practice aren't always the same, and there's certainly testing to do here, but who would've thougth you could make a . concrete. building with air and water? [MAKE]. Un-reality TV ...
Q. I am in a pinch. We jsut bought this farm and until we build a big barn we have to put our horses in a mechincal shed with a concrete floor. The concrete floor is smooth and the horses with their shoes will no doubt slip and slide. My question is what is the best recommendation for turning a slick concrete floor into a not skid floor. That I can perform myself. Where can I get the equipment with out hiring it done. It is only about 20 by 40 floor so it can be done in a weekend. Let me know your thoughts and ideas would be welcome. With in reason.
Asked by chad R - Mon Oct 1 20:54:27 2007 - - 4 Answers - 0 Comments
A. Go to the local farm co-op and ask for a rubber horse stall mat. They are made from finely shredded old tires pressed into mats 1/2, 5/8, 3/4 inches thick. They are used in horse stalls and horse trailers to prevent the horse from slipping. They can be hosed clean without the horse slipping on the wet mat.
Answered by ranger_co_1_75 - Mon Oct 1 23:49:47 2007
